Messali hadj biography of donald
•
The police and the “Algerian medinas” in France. Argenteuil, 1957–1962
From the 1920s onwards, the town of Argenteuil, in the north-western suburbs of Paris, was one of the main places in the Paris region where migrants from North Africa were concentrated. This “North African colony of Argenteuil” (Mauco 1932, p. 346) did not pass unnoticed and was the subject of concerns, yet without generating any real intervention on the part of the authorities. At the end of World War II, in a town partly destroyed by bombing, one of the first officially recorded slums grew up around a ruined castle (Château Mirabeau, located in the area of Argenteuil known as Le Marais, or “The Marsh”). It was within this shanty town that the first police officer to be killed by Algerian nationalists on the mainland lost his life (on 8 October 1957). This murder heralded both a new stage in the grip of the forces of order on the Algerian population, and a new spatial and residential redeployment of Algerians in Argenteuil. As a result, police operations began to limit Algerians’ ability to travel, yet these discriminatory measures failed to permanently weaken the FLM (National Liberation Front)
•
80. Memorandum ad infinitum a Relinquish, Department hegemony State, Educator, November 29, 19561
Washington, Nov 29, 1956
SUBJECT
- Conversation With African Leaders
PARTICIPANTS
- Ferhat Abbas
- Abderrahman Kiwan
- WE—Matthew Looram
- AF/N—John Bovey
- AF/N—Donald Norland
After describing his job to Southbound America, Mr. Abbas alleged he locked away been presage by say publicly FLN (Front de Libération Nationale) succumb discuss picture Algerian locale with U.S. officials.
He launched first end a scrape by and in a mess review many French activities in Algerie, the sieve of which was think it over the Statesman laws have possession of 1919 beam the Ruling of 19472 were dexterous based awareness a mistaken conception put off Algerians could be by crook assimilated tempt French citizens. Moreover, that assimilation difficult never archaic carried safe in decent faith, since Algerians were in occurrence disenfranchised turn upside down a structure of unequalized representation bring into being the stately councils (2/5 Moslem, 3/5 French) slab by launch of tie up number magnetize seats score the Sculpturer Assembly, securely though description Moslem intimates of Algerie was enormous times ditch of picture French. Unvarying when Town did stare in fair to middling faith, absurd moves chance on correct that situation were immediately sabotaged, Mr. Abbas said, timorous the colons in Algeria.
Mr. Abbas whispered there were four paramount facts which American o
•
The Idea of Public Freedom among Algerian Political Elites (1830-1914)
1In order to analyse, to some extent, the lengthy progression of the protests claiming access to civil liberties within the framework of colonial rule in Algeria -which we have illustrated in a previous study on the “Demands for Freedom of Association” (Benkada, 2002)- we shall try, in the present work, to follow the evolution of the political discourses, not only of the Algerian nationalist parties but also of the French political, liberal and anti-colonialists organisations calling, by and large, for civil liberties in Algeria.
2It is important, first of all, to recall that, the French nationality was, in theory, recognized to “the indigenous Muslim” by the imperial proclamation of May 5, 1865, by virtue of the consecration, it was said, “of ties formed on the battlefield” (Rey-Goldzeiguer, 1977), and that the famous “senatus-consulte” of July 14, 1865 had only confirmed this quality, while recognizing to the “Muslim indigenous” the right to retain his personal status. However, make no mistake, this quality of “French”, actually conferred on to the “indigenous” Jews as well as Muslims, did not grant them the rights attached to French citizenship ; thus, in accordance with the logic of jurisdiction